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Murray's Dude Ranch
Murray's Ranch, sometimes called the Overall Wearing Dude Ranch, was a guest ranch in Apple Valley, California from the 1920s until the 1960s. The ranch was located at the northwest corner of Waalew Road and Dale Evans Parkway in Apple Valley, just outside the city limits of Victorville. It was unique in that it was owned by African Americans and catered primarily to an African-American clientele.〔Thompson, Richard. (Murray's Ranch:Apple Valley's African-American Dude Ranch Murray's Ranch ) Accessed 8/20/07〕 It also served as the set for a number of "all-black cast" western movies.
==History==
The site was purchased for $100 in 1926. The ranch was founded by Nolie B. Murray, a Black businessman from Los Angeles.〔(Nolie B. and Lela Murray )〕 Operated for nearly 20 years as a dude ranch with a pool, several small houses, tennis courts, and riding stables, the ranch was used by entertainment personalities and by ordinary families. It was open to all who could afford to come. Murray's was a recreational favorite for Blacks, and a marker in the history of Black recreation. In the 1920s, when Murray's Dude Ranch opened, widespread segregation practices limited Black Californians' access to most private and public recreational facilities. Resorts, hotels, nightclubs, and even public parks in many California communities were closed to Black patrons. For nearly half of the 20th century, recreational activities of the Black community were carried out in separate facilities. Apple Valley was once well known for the guest ranches that flourished there from about World War I to the mid-1950s. Black-owned resorts were established in the first two decades of the 20th century, including Lake Elsinore in Riverside County, and Piru in Ventura County.
Films shot on location at Murray's Dude Ranch were four "all-black cast" westerns, starring Herbert Jeffries as a black singing cowboy, made in the late 1930s. ''Harlem on the Prairie'' (1937), ''Two-Gun Man from Harlem'' (1938), ''The Bronze Bukaroo'' (1939), and ''Harlem Ridges the Range'' (1939) featured songs by Jefferies and the Four Tones, his backing vocal group.〔Mulroy, Kevin. ''Seeking El Dorado: African Americans in California'', University of Washington Press, p. 262 (2001). ISBN 0-295-98082-6〕
Murray's hosted about 100 people each week during the height of the season, from May to September. The visitors from this period included Lena Horne, Kate Smith, Joe Louis,〔(Joe Louis Puts the Spotlight on Murray's )〕 Hedda Hopper, Freddie Bartholomew,〔(Murray's During World War II )〕 Hattie McDaniel, Clark Gable and Louise Beavers.〔(Celebrities at the Ranch )〕 In 1955 the ranch eventually was purchased for $65,000 by one of the most famous black celebrities of all, the world-renowned singer and actress Pearl Bailey, who for nearly a decade spent her days as an Apple Valley housewife when she could get away from the demands of her career in films and entertainment.〔(Pearl Bailey Buys the Ranch )〕 She sold the ranch in the mid-1960s. In 1988 the old buildings, not worth salvaging, were burned for a training session of the Apple Valley Fire Department.〔(The Last Vestiges of the Murray Ranch )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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